Merge pull request #177 from orange-cpp/feature/custom_ndc_z_range

Feature/custom ndc z range

.claude/settings.local.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(ls:*)"
+    ]
+  }
+}

.github/workflows/cmake-multi-platform.yml

@@ -370,6 +370,8 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           cmake --preset ${{ matrix.preset }} \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$(xcrun --find clang) \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$(xcrun --find clang++) \
             -DOMATH_BUILD_TESTS=ON \
             -DOMATH_BUILD_BENCHMARK=OFF \
             -DOMATH_ENABLE_COVERAGE=${{ matrix.coverage == true && 'ON' || 'OFF' }} \
@@ -380,6 +382,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cmake --build cmake-build/build/${{ matrix.preset }} --target unit_tests omath
 
       - name: Run unit_tests
+        if: ${{ matrix.coverage != true }}
         shell: bash
         run: ./out/Release/unit_tests
 

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: Documentation
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - 'docs/**'
+      - 'mkdocs.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/docs.yml'
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+    paths:
+      - 'docs/**'
+      - 'mkdocs.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/docs.yml'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: docs-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build Documentation
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Install mkdocs and dependencies
+        run: pip install mkdocs mkdocs-bootswatch
+
+      - name: Build documentation
+        run: mkdocs build --strict
+
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          path: site/
+
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+    if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
+        id: deployment
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -12,6 +12,35 @@ permissions:
   contents: write
 
 jobs:
+  ##############################################################################
+  # 0)  Documentation  –  MkDocs
+  ##############################################################################
+  docs-release:
+    name: Documentation
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Install mkdocs and dependencies
+        run: pip install mkdocs mkdocs-bootswatch
+
+      - name: Build documentation
+        run: mkdocs build --strict
+
+      - name: Package
+        run: tar -czf omath-docs.tar.gz -C site .
+
+      - name: Upload release asset
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: gh release upload "${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}" omath-docs.tar.gz --clobber
+
   ##############################################################################
   # 1)  Linux  –  Clang / Ninja
   ##############################################################################

CREDITS.md

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 Thanks to everyone who made this possible, including:
 
 - Saikari aka luadebug for VCPKG port and awesome new initial logo design.
-- AmbushedRaccoon for telegram post about omath to boost repository activity.
 - Billy O'Neal aka BillyONeal for fixing compilation issues due to C math library compatibility.
 - Alex2772 for reference of AUI declarative interface design for omath::hud
 

INSTALL.md

@@ -28,6 +28,29 @@ target("...")
     add_packages("omath")
 ```
 
+## <img width="28px" src="https://conan.io/favicon.png" /> Using Conan
+**Note**: Support Conan for package management
+1. Install [Conan](https://conan.io/downloads)
+2. Run the following command to install the omath package:
+```
+conan install --requires="omath/[*]" --build=missing
+```
+conanfile.txt
+```ini
+[requires]
+omath/[*]
+
+[generators]
+CMakeDeps
+CMakeToolchain
+```
+CMakeLists.txt
+```cmake
+find_package(omath CONFIG REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE omath::omath)
+```
+For more details, see the [Conan documentation](https://docs.conan.io/2/).
+
 ## <img width="28px" src="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg" /> Using prebuilt binaries (GitHub Releases)
 
 **Note**: This is the fastest option if you don’t want to build from source.

docs/install.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Installation
+# Installation Guide
 
-## <img width="28px" src="https://vcpkg.io/assets/mark/mark.svg" /> Using vcpkg
+## <img width="28px" src="https://vcpkg.io/assets/mark/mark.svg" /> Using vcpkg (recomended)
 **Note**: Support vcpkg for package management
 1. Install [vcpkg](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg)
 2. Run the following command to install the orange-math package:
@@ -28,6 +28,69 @@ target("...")
     add_packages("omath")
 ```
 
+## <img width="28px" src="https://conan.io/favicon.png" /> Using Conan
+**Note**: Support Conan for package management
+1. Install [Conan](https://conan.io/downloads)
+2. Run the following command to install the omath package:
+```
+conan install --requires="omath/[*]" --build=missing
+```
+conanfile.txt
+```ini
+[requires]
+omath/[*]
+
+[generators]
+CMakeDeps
+CMakeToolchain
+```
+CMakeLists.txt
+```cmake
+find_package(omath CONFIG REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE omath::omath)
+```
+For more details, see the [Conan documentation](https://docs.conan.io/2/).
+
+## <img width="28px" src="https://github.githubassets.com/favicons/favicon.svg" /> Using prebuilt binaries (GitHub Releases)
+
+**Note**: This is the fastest option if you don’t want to build from source.
+
+1. **Go to the Releases page**
+    - Open the project’s GitHub **Releases** page and choose the latest version.
+
+2. **Download the correct asset for your platform**
+    - Pick the archive that matches your OS and architecture (for example: Windows x64 / Linux x64 / macOS arm64).
+
+3. **Extract the archive**
+    - You should end up with something like:
+        - `include/` (headers)
+        - `lib/` or `bin/` (library files / DLLs)
+        - sometimes `cmake/` (CMake package config)
+
+4. **Use it in your project**
+
+   ### Option A: CMake package (recommended if the release includes CMake config files)
+   If the extracted folder contains something like `lib/cmake/omath` or `cmake/omath`, you can point CMake to it:
+
+   ```cmake
+   # Example: set this to the extracted prebuilt folder
+   list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "path/to/omath-prebuilt")
+
+   find_package(omath CONFIG REQUIRED)
+   target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE omath::omath)
+   ```
+   ### Option B: Manual include + link (works with any layout)
+   If there’s no CMake package config, link it manually:
+   ```cmake
+   target_include_directories(main PRIVATE "path/to/omath-prebuilt/include")
+
+    # Choose ONE depending on what you downloaded:
+    # - Static library: .lib / .a
+    # - Shared library: .dll + .lib import (Windows), .so (Linux), .dylib (macOS)
+    
+    target_link_directories(main PRIVATE "path/to/omath-prebuilt/lib")
+    target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE omath)  # or the actual library filename
+    ```
 ## <img width="28px" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/CMake_logo.svg?" /> Build from source using CMake
 1. **Preparation**
 
@@ -62,7 +125,7 @@ target("...")
    Use **\<platform\>-\<build configuration\>** preset to build suitable version for yourself. Like **windows-release** or **linux-release**.
 
    | Platform Name | Build Config  |
-          |---------------|---------------|
+       |---------------|---------------|
    | windows       | release/debug |
    | linux         | release/debug |
    | darwin        | release/debug |

include/omath/algorithm/targeting.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+//
+// Created by Vladislav on 19.03.2026.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+#include "omath/linear_algebra/vector3.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <optional>
+#include <ranges>
+
+namespace omath::algorithm
+{
+    template<class CameraType, std::input_or_output_iterator IteratorType, class FilterT>
+    requires std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, std::function<FilterT>, std::iter_reference_t<IteratorType>>
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    IteratorType get_closest_target_by_fov(const IteratorType& begin, const IteratorType& end, const CameraType& camera,
+                                           auto get_position,
+                                           const std::optional<std::function<FilterT>>& filter_func = std::nullopt)
+    {
+        auto best_target = end;
+        const auto& camera_angles = camera.get_view_angles();
+        const Vector2<float> camera_angles_vec = {camera_angles.pitch.as_degrees(), camera_angles.yaw.as_degrees()};
+
+        for (auto current = begin; current != end; current = std::next(current))
+        {
+            if (filter_func && !filter_func.value()(*current))
+                continue;
+
+            if (best_target == end)
+            {
+                best_target = current;
+                continue;
+            }
+            const auto current_target_angles = camera.calc_look_at_angles(get_position(*current));
+            const auto best_target_angles = camera.calc_look_at_angles(get_position(*best_target));
+
+            const auto current_target_distance = camera_angles_vec.distance_to(current_target_angles.as_vector3());
+            const auto best_target_distance = camera_angles.as_vector3().distance_to(best_target_angles.as_vector3());
+            if (current_target_distance < best_target_distance)
+                best_target = current;
+        }
+        return best_target;
+    }
+
+    template<class CameraType, std::ranges::range RangeType, class FilterT>
+    requires std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, std::function<FilterT>,
+                                   std::ranges::range_reference_t<const RangeType>>
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    auto get_closest_target_by_fov(const RangeType& range, const CameraType& camera,
+                                   auto get_position,
+                                   const std::optional<std::function<FilterT>>& filter_func = std::nullopt)
+    {
+        return get_closest_target_by_fov<CameraType, decltype(std::ranges::begin(range)), FilterT>(
+                std::ranges::begin(range), std::ranges::end(range), camera, get_position, filter_func);
+    }
+
+    // ── By world-space distance ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    template<std::input_or_output_iterator IteratorType, class FilterT>
+    requires std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, std::function<FilterT>, std::iter_reference_t<IteratorType>>
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    IteratorType get_closest_target_by_distance(const IteratorType& begin, const IteratorType& end,
+                                                const Vector3<float>& origin, auto get_position,
+                                                const std::optional<std::function<FilterT>>& filter_func = std::nullopt)
+    {
+        auto best_target = end;
+
+        for (auto current = begin; current != end; current = std::next(current))
+        {
+            if (filter_func && !filter_func.value()(*current))
+                continue;
+
+            if (best_target == end)
+            {
+                best_target = current;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (origin.distance_to(get_position(*current)) < origin.distance_to(get_position(*best_target)))
+                best_target = current;
+        }
+        return best_target;
+    }
+
+    template<std::ranges::range RangeType, class FilterT>
+    requires std::is_invocable_r_v<bool, std::function<FilterT>,
+                                   std::ranges::range_reference_t<const RangeType>>
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    auto get_closest_target_by_distance(const RangeType& range, const Vector3<float>& origin,
+                                        auto get_position,
+                                        const std::optional<std::function<FilterT>>& filter_func = std::nullopt)
+    {
+        return get_closest_target_by_distance<decltype(std::ranges::begin(range)), FilterT>(
+                std::ranges::begin(range), std::ranges::end(range), origin, get_position, filter_func);
+    }
+
+} // namespace omath::algorithm

include/omath/engines/cry_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::cry_engine
 {
-    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::cry_engine

include/omath/engines/cry_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace omath::cry_engine
     Mat4X4 rotation_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/cry_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::cry_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::cry_engine

include/omath/engines/frostbite_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::frostbite_engine
 {
-    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

include/omath/engines/frostbite_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace omath::frostbite_engine
     Mat4X4 rotation_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/frostbite_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::frostbite_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::unreal_engine

include/omath/engines/iw_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::iw_engine
 {
-    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::iw_engine

include/omath/engines/iw_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace omath::iw_engine
     [[nodiscard]] Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/iw_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::iw_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::iw_engine

include/omath/engines/opengl_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::opengl_engine
 {
-    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, true>;
+    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, true, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::opengl_engine

include/omath/engines/opengl_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ namespace omath::opengl_engine
     Mat4X4 rotation_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/opengl_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::opengl_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::opengl_engine

include/omath/engines/source_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@
 #include "traits/camera_trait.hpp"
 namespace omath::source_engine
 {
-    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera =  projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::source_engine

include/omath/engines/source_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ namespace omath::source_engine
     [[nodiscard]] Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/source_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::source_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::source_engine

include/omath/engines/unity_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::unity_engine
 {
-    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

include/omath/engines/unity_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace omath::unity_engine
     Mat4X4 rotation_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/unity_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::unity_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

include/omath/engines/unreal_engine/camera.hpp

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@
 
 namespace omath::unreal_engine
 {
-    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait>;
+    using Camera = projection::Camera<Mat4X4, ViewAngles, CameraTrait, false, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>;
 } // namespace omath::unreal_engine

include/omath/engines/unreal_engine/formulas.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ namespace omath::unreal_engine
     Mat4X4 rotation_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles) noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]]
-    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far) noexcept;
+    Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(float field_of_view, float aspect_ratio, float near, float far,
+                                             NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE) noexcept;
 
     template<class FloatingType>
     requires std::is_floating_point_v<FloatingType>

include/omath/engines/unreal_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace omath::unreal_engine
         static Mat4X4 calc_view_matrix(const ViewAngles& angles, const Vector3<float>& cam_origin) noexcept;
         [[nodiscard]]
         static Mat4X4 calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov, const projection::ViewPort& view_port,
-                                             float near, float far) noexcept;
+                                             float near, float far, NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept;
     };
 
 } // namespace omath::unreal_engine

include/omath/linear_algebra/mat.hpp

@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ namespace omath
         COLUMN_MAJOR
     };
 
+    enum class NDCDepthRange : uint8_t
+    {
+        NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE = 0, // OpenGL: [-1.0, 1.0]
+        ZERO_TO_ONE              // DirectX / Vulkan: [0.0, 1.0]
+    };
+
     template<typename M1, typename M2> concept MatTemplateEqual
             = (M1::rows == M2::rows) && (M1::columns == M2::columns)
               && std::is_same_v<typename M1::value_type, typename M2::value_type> && (M1::store_type == M2::store_type);
@@ -658,56 +664,90 @@ namespace omath
         } * mat_translation<Type, St>(-camera_origin);
     }
 
-    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>
+    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+             NDCDepthRange DepthRange = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>
     [[nodiscard]]
     Mat<4, 4, Type, St> mat_perspective_left_handed(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio,
                                                     const float near, const float far) noexcept
     {
         const float fov_half_tan = std::tan(angles::degrees_to_radians(field_of_view) / 2.f);
 
-        return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-                {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
-                {0.f, 0.f, (far + near) / (far - near), -(2.f * near * far) / (far - near)},
-                {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f}};
+        if constexpr (DepthRange == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, far / (far - near), -(near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f}};
+        else
+            return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, (far + near) / (far - near), -(2.f * near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f}};
     }
 
-    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>
+    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+             NDCDepthRange DepthRange = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>
     [[nodiscard]]
     Mat<4, 4, Type, St> mat_perspective_right_handed(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio,
                                                      const float near, const float far) noexcept
     {
         const float fov_half_tan = std::tan(angles::degrees_to_radians(field_of_view) / 2.f);
 
-        return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
-                {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
-                {0.f, 0.f, -(far + near) / (far - near), -(2.f * near * far) / (far - near)},
-                {0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f}};
+        if constexpr (DepthRange == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, -far / (far - near), -(near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f}};
+        else
+            return {{1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 1.f / fov_half_tan, 0.f, 0.f},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, -(far + near) / (far - near), -(2.f * near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0.f, 0.f, -1.f, 0.f}};
     }
-    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>
+    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+             NDCDepthRange DepthRange = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>
     [[nodiscard]]
     Mat<4, 4, Type, St> mat_ortho_left_handed(const Type left, const Type right, const Type bottom, const Type top,
                                               const Type near, const Type far) noexcept
     {
-        return
-        {
-            { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,    -(right + left) / (right - left)},
-            { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,    -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
-            { 0.f,      0.f,       static_cast<Type>(2) / (far - near), -(far + near) / (far - near)    },
-            { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                 1.f                             }
-        };
+        if constexpr (DepthRange == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return
+            {
+                { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,    -(right + left) / (right - left)},
+                { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,    -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
+                { 0.f,      0.f,       static_cast<Type>(1) / (far - near), -near / (far - near)            },
+                { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                 1.f                             }
+            };
+        else
+            return
+            {
+                { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,    -(right + left) / (right - left)},
+                { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,    -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
+                { 0.f,      0.f,       static_cast<Type>(2) / (far - near), -(far + near) / (far - near)    },
+                { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                 1.f                             }
+            };
     }
-    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>
+    template<class Type = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+             NDCDepthRange DepthRange = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>
     [[nodiscard]]
     Mat<4, 4, Type, St> mat_ortho_right_handed(const Type left, const Type right, const Type bottom, const Type top,
                                                const Type near, const Type far) noexcept
     {
-        return
-        {
-                { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,     -(right + left) / (right - left)},
-                { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,     -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
-                { 0.f,      0.f,       -static_cast<Type>(2) / (far - near), -(far + near) / (far - near)    },
-                { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                  1.f                             }
-        };
+        if constexpr (DepthRange == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return
+            {
+                    { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,     -(right + left) / (right - left)},
+                    { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,     -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
+                    { 0.f,      0.f,       -static_cast<Type>(1) / (far - near), -near / (far - near)            },
+                    { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                  1.f                             }
+            };
+        else
+            return
+            {
+                    { static_cast<Type>(2) / (right - left), 0.f,       0.f,     -(right + left) / (right - left)},
+                    { 0.f,      static_cast<Type>(2) / (top - bottom),  0.f,     -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom)},
+                    { 0.f,      0.f,       -static_cast<Type>(2) / (far - near), -(far + near) / (far - near)    },
+                    { 0.f,      0.f,       0.f,                                  1.f                             }
+            };
     }
     template<class T = float, MatStoreType St = MatStoreType::COLUMN_MAJOR>
    Mat<4, 4, T, St> mat_look_at_left_handed(const Vector3<T>& eye, const Vector3<T>& center, const Vector3<T>& up)

include/omath/projection/camera.hpp

@@ -36,23 +36,29 @@ namespace omath::projection
         }
     };
     using FieldOfView = Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, AngleFlags::Clamped>;
-
+    enum class ViewPortClipping
+    {
+        AUTO,
+        MANUAL,
+    };
     template<class T, class MatType, class ViewAnglesType>
     concept CameraEngineConcept =
             requires(const Vector3<float>& cam_origin, const Vector3<float>& look_at, const ViewAnglesType& angles,
-                     const FieldOfView& fov, const ViewPort& viewport, float znear, float zfar) {
+                     const FieldOfView& fov, const ViewPort& viewport, float znear, float zfar,
+                     NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) {
                 // Presence + return types
                 { T::calc_look_at_angle(cam_origin, look_at) } -> std::same_as<ViewAnglesType>;
                 { T::calc_view_matrix(angles, cam_origin) } -> std::same_as<MatType>;
-                { T::calc_projection_matrix(fov, viewport, znear, zfar) } -> std::same_as<MatType>;
+                { T::calc_projection_matrix(fov, viewport, znear, zfar, ndc_depth_range) } -> std::same_as<MatType>;
 
                 // Enforce noexcept as in the trait declaration
                 requires noexcept(T::calc_look_at_angle(cam_origin, look_at));
                 requires noexcept(T::calc_view_matrix(angles, cam_origin));
-                requires noexcept(T::calc_projection_matrix(fov, viewport, znear, zfar));
+                requires noexcept(T::calc_projection_matrix(fov, viewport, znear, zfar, ndc_depth_range));
             };
 
-    template<class Mat4X4Type, class ViewAnglesType, class TraitClass, bool inverted_z = false>
+    template<class Mat4X4Type, class ViewAnglesType, class TraitClass, bool inverted_z = false,
+             NDCDepthRange depth_range = NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>
     requires CameraEngineConcept<TraitClass, Mat4X4Type, ViewAnglesType>
     class Camera final
     {
@@ -82,6 +88,11 @@ namespace omath::projection
             m_view_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
             m_view_matrix = std::nullopt;
         }
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ViewAnglesType calc_look_at_angles(const Vector3<float>& look_to) const
+        {
+            return TraitClass::calc_look_at_angle(m_origin, look_to);
+        }
 
         [[nodiscard]]
         Vector3<float> get_forward() const noexcept
@@ -126,7 +137,8 @@ namespace omath::projection
         {
             if (!m_projection_matrix.has_value())
                 m_projection_matrix = TraitClass::calc_projection_matrix(m_field_of_view, m_view_port,
-                                                                         m_near_plane_distance, m_far_plane_distance);
+                                                                         m_near_plane_distance, m_far_plane_distance,
+                                                                         depth_range);
 
             return m_projection_matrix.value();
         }
@@ -138,16 +150,16 @@ namespace omath::projection
             m_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
         }
 
-        void set_near_plane(const float near) noexcept
+        void set_near_plane(const float near_plane) noexcept
         {
-            m_near_plane_distance = near;
+            m_near_plane_distance = near_plane;
             m_view_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
             m_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
         }
 
-        void set_far_plane(const float far) noexcept
+        void set_far_plane(const float far_plane) noexcept
         {
-            m_far_plane_distance = far;
+            m_far_plane_distance = far_plane;
             m_view_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
             m_projection_matrix = std::nullopt;
         }
@@ -213,6 +225,22 @@ namespace omath::projection
             else
                 std::unreachable();
         }
+        template<ScreenStart screen_start = ScreenStart::TOP_LEFT_CORNER>
+        [[nodiscard]] std::expected<Vector3<float>, Error>
+        world_to_screen_unclipped(const Vector3<float>& world_position) const noexcept
+        {
+            const auto normalized_cords = world_to_view_port(world_position, ViewPortClipping::MANUAL);
+
+            if (!normalized_cords.has_value())
+                return std::unexpected{normalized_cords.error()};
+
+            if constexpr (screen_start == ScreenStart::TOP_LEFT_CORNER)
+                return ndc_to_screen_position_from_top_left_corner(*normalized_cords);
+            else if constexpr (screen_start == ScreenStart::BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER)
+                return ndc_to_screen_position_from_bottom_left_corner(*normalized_cords);
+            else
+                std::unreachable();
+        }
 
         [[nodiscard]] bool is_culled_by_frustum(const Triangle<Vector3<float>>& triangle) const noexcept
         {
@@ -246,40 +274,70 @@ namespace omath::projection
                 return a[axis] < -a[3] && b[axis] < -b[3] && c[axis] < -c[3];
             };
 
-            // Clip volume in clip space (OpenGL-style):
+            // Clip volume in clip space:
             // -w <= x <= w
             // -w <= y <= w
-            // -w <= z <= w
+            // z_min <= z <= w  (z_min = -w for [-1,1], 0 for [0,1])
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+            // x and y planes
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
             {
                 if (all_outside_plane(i, c0, c1, c2, false))
-                    return true; // x < -w (left)
+                    return true;
                 if (all_outside_plane(i, c0, c1, c2, true))
-                    return true; // x >  w (right)
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            // z far plane: z > w
+            if (all_outside_plane(2, c0, c1, c2, true))
+                return true;
+
+            // z near plane
+            if constexpr (depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            {
+                // 0 <= z, so reject if z < 0 for all vertices
+                if (c0[2] < 0.f && c1[2] < 0.f && c2[2] < 0.f)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // -w <= z
+                if (all_outside_plane(2, c0, c1, c2, false))
+                    return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::expected<Vector3<float>, Error>
-        world_to_view_port(const Vector3<float>& world_position) const noexcept
+        world_to_view_port(const Vector3<float>& world_position,
+                           const ViewPortClipping& clipping = ViewPortClipping::AUTO) const noexcept
         {
             auto projected = get_view_projection_matrix()
                              * mat_column_from_vector<float, Mat4X4Type::get_store_ordering()>(world_position);
 
             const auto& w = projected.at(3, 0);
-            if (w <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon())
-                return std::unexpected(Error::WORLD_POSITION_IS_OUT_OF_SCREEN_BOUNDS);
+            constexpr auto eps = std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
+            if (w <= eps)
+                return std::unexpected(Error::PERSPECTIVE_DIVIDER_LESS_EQ_ZERO);
 
             projected /= w;
 
-            if (is_ndc_out_of_bounds(projected))
+            // ReSharper disable once CppTooWideScope
+            const auto clipped_automatically = clipping == ViewPortClipping::AUTO && is_ndc_out_of_bounds(projected);
+            if (clipped_automatically)
+                return std::unexpected(Error::WORLD_POSITION_IS_OUT_OF_SCREEN_BOUNDS);
+
+            // ReSharper disable once CppTooWideScope
+            constexpr auto z_min = depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE ? 0.0f : -1.0f;
+            const auto clipped_manually = clipping == ViewPortClipping::MANUAL && (projected.at(2, 0) < z_min - eps
+                                          || projected.at(2, 0) > 1.0f + eps);
+            if (clipped_manually)
                 return std::unexpected(Error::WORLD_POSITION_IS_OUT_OF_SCREEN_BOUNDS);
 
             return Vector3<float>{projected.at(0, 0), projected.at(1, 0), projected.at(2, 0)};
         }
         [[nodiscard]]
-        std::expected<Vector3<float>, Error> view_port_to_screen(const Vector3<float>& ndc) const noexcept
+        std::expected<Vector3<float>, Error> view_port_to_world(const Vector3<float>& ndc) const noexcept
         {
             const auto inv_view_proj = get_view_projection_matrix().inverted();
 
@@ -304,7 +362,7 @@ namespace omath::projection
         [[nodiscard]]
         std::expected<Vector3<float>, Error> screen_to_world(const Vector3<float>& screen_pos) const noexcept
         {
-            return view_port_to_screen(screen_to_ndc<screen_start>(screen_pos));
+            return view_port_to_world(screen_to_ndc<screen_start>(screen_pos));
         }
 
         template<ScreenStart screen_start = ScreenStart::TOP_LEFT_CORNER>
@@ -333,8 +391,27 @@ namespace omath::projection
         [[nodiscard]] constexpr static bool is_ndc_out_of_bounds(const Type& ndc) noexcept
         {
             constexpr auto eps = std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon();
-            return std::ranges::any_of(ndc.raw_array(),
-                                       [](const auto& val) { return val < -1.0f - eps || val > 1.0f + eps; });
+
+            const auto& data = ndc.raw_array();
+            // x and y are always in [-1, 1]
+            if (data[0] < -1.0f - eps || data[0] > 1.0f + eps)
+                return true;
+            if (data[1] < -1.0f - eps || data[1] > 1.0f + eps)
+                return true;
+
+            // z range depends on the NDC depth convention
+            if constexpr (depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            {
+                if (data[2] < 0.0f - eps || data[2] > 1.0f + eps)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (data[2] < -1.0f - eps || data[2] > 1.0f + eps)
+                    return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
         }
 
         // NDC REPRESENTATION:

include/omath/projection/error_codes.hpp

@@ -11,5 +11,6 @@ namespace omath::projection
     {
         WORLD_POSITION_IS_OUT_OF_SCREEN_BOUNDS,
         INV_VIEW_PROJ_MAT_DET_EQ_ZERO,
+        PERSPECTIVE_DIVIDER_LESS_EQ_ZERO,
     };
 }

include/omath/rev_eng/internal_rev_object.hpp

@@ -116,6 +116,33 @@ namespace omath::rev_eng
             return call_method<ReturnType>(vtable[Id], arg_list...);
         }
 
+        template<std::ptrdiff_t TableOffset, std::size_t Id, class ReturnType>
+        ReturnType call_virtual_method(auto... arg_list)
+        {
+            auto sub_this = reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+                reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(this) + TableOffset);
+            const auto vtable = *reinterpret_cast<void***>(sub_this);
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            using Fn = ReturnType(__thiscall*)(void*, decltype(arg_list)...);
+#else
+            using Fn = ReturnType(*)(void*, decltype(arg_list)...);
+#endif
+            return reinterpret_cast<Fn>(vtable[Id])(sub_this, arg_list...);
+        }
+        template<std::ptrdiff_t TableOffset, std::size_t Id, class ReturnType>
+        ReturnType call_virtual_method(auto... arg_list) const
+        {
+            auto sub_this = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
+                reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(this) + TableOffset);
+            const auto vtable = *reinterpret_cast<void* const* const*>(sub_this);
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            using Fn = ReturnType(__thiscall*)(const void*, decltype(arg_list)...);
+#else
+            using Fn = ReturnType(*)(const void*, decltype(arg_list)...);
+#endif
+            return reinterpret_cast<Fn>(vtable[Id])(sub_this, arg_list...);
+        }
+
     private:
         [[nodiscard]]
         static const void* resolve_pattern(const std::string_view module_name, const std::string_view pattern)

include/omath/trigonometry/angle.hpp

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace omath
         }
 
     public:
+        using ArithmeticType = Type;
         [[nodiscard]]
         constexpr static Angle from_degrees(const Type& degrees) noexcept
         {

include/omath/trigonometry/view_angles.hpp

@@ -2,14 +2,25 @@
 // Created by Orange on 11/30/2024.
 //
 #pragma once
-
+#include "omath/linear_algebra/vector3.hpp"
+#include <type_traits>
 namespace omath
 {
     template<class PitchType, class YawType, class RollType>
+    requires std::is_same_v<typename PitchType::ArithmeticType, typename YawType::ArithmeticType>
+             && std::is_same_v<typename YawType::ArithmeticType, typename RollType::ArithmeticType>
     struct ViewAngles
     {
+        using ArithmeticType = PitchType::ArithmeticType;
+
         PitchType pitch;
         YawType yaw;
         RollType roll;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        Vector3<ArithmeticType> as_vector3() const
+        {
+            return {pitch.as_degrees(), yaw.as_degrees(), roll.as_degrees()};
+        }
     };
 } // namespace omath

scripts/coverage-llvm.sh

@@ -16,15 +16,42 @@ echo "[*] Output dir: ${OUTPUT_DIR}"
 # Find llvm tools - handle versioned names (Linux) and xcrun (macOS)
 find_llvm_tool() {
     local tool_name="$1"
-    
-    # macOS: use xcrun
+
+    # First priority: derive from the actual compiler used by cmake (CMakeCache.txt).
+    # This guarantees the profraw format version matches the instrumented binary.
+    local cache_file="${BINARY_DIR}/CMakeCache.txt"
+    if [[ -f "$cache_file" ]]; then
+        local cmake_cxx
+        cmake_cxx=$(grep '^CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:' "$cache_file" | cut -d= -f2)
+        if [[ -n "$cmake_cxx" && -x "$cmake_cxx" ]]; then
+            local tool_path
+            tool_path="$(dirname "$cmake_cxx")/${tool_name}"
+            if [[ -x "$tool_path" ]]; then
+                echo "$tool_path"
+                return 0
+            fi
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # macOS: derive from xcrun clang as fallback
     if [[ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+        local clang_path
+        clang_path=$(xcrun --find clang 2>/dev/null)
+        if [[ -n "$clang_path" ]]; then
+            local tool_path
+            tool_path="$(dirname "$clang_path")/${tool_name}"
+            if [[ -x "$tool_path" ]]; then
+                echo "$tool_path"
+                return 0
+            fi
+        fi
+        # Fallback: xcrun
         if xcrun --find "${tool_name}" &>/dev/null; then
             echo "xcrun ${tool_name}"
             return 0
         fi
     fi
-    
+
     # Try versioned names (Linux with LLVM 21, 20, 19, etc.)
     for version in 21 20 19 18 17 ""; do
         local versioned_name="${tool_name}${version:+-$version}"
@@ -33,7 +60,7 @@ find_llvm_tool() {
             return 0
         fi
     done
-    
+
     echo ""
     return 1
 }
@@ -51,6 +78,18 @@ fi
 echo "[*] Using: ${LLVM_PROFDATA}"
 echo "[*] Using: ${LLVM_COV}"
 
+# Print version info for debugging version mismatches
+if [[ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
+    echo "[*] Default clang: $(xcrun clang --version 2>&1 | head -1)"
+    # Show actual compiler used by the build (from CMakeCache.txt if available)
+    CACHE_FILE="${BINARY_DIR}/CMakeCache.txt"
+    if [[ -f "$CACHE_FILE" ]]; then
+        ACTUAL_CXX=$(grep '^CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:' "$CACHE_FILE" | cut -d= -f2)
+        echo "[*] Build compiler: ${ACTUAL_CXX} ($(${ACTUAL_CXX} --version 2>&1 | head -1))"
+    fi
+    echo "[*] profdata: $(${LLVM_PROFDATA} show --version 2>&1 | head -1 || true)"
+fi
+
 # Find test binary
 if [[ -z "${TEST_BINARY}" ]]; then
     for path in \

source/engines/cry_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,12 @@ namespace omath::cry_engine
                * mat_rotation_axis_x<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>(angles.pitch);
     }
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+                    field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
+
         return mat_perspective_left_handed(field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/cry_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ namespace omath::cry_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/frostbite_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,12 @@ namespace omath::frostbite_engine
                * mat_rotation_axis_x<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>(angles.pitch);
     }
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+                    field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
+
         return mat_perspective_left_handed(field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/frostbite_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ namespace omath::frostbite_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/iw_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -36,13 +36,21 @@ namespace omath::iw_engine
     }
 
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
         // NOTE: Need magic number to fix fov calculation, since IW engine inherit Quake proj matrix calculation
         constexpr auto k_multiply_factor = 0.75f;
 
         const float fov_half_tan = std::tan(angles::degrees_to_radians(field_of_view) / 2.f) * k_multiply_factor;
 
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return {
+                    {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
+                    {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},
+                    {0, 0, far / (far - near), -(near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0, 0, 1, 0},
+            };
+
         return {
                 {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
                 {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},

source/engines/iw_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ namespace omath::iw_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::iw_engine

source/engines/opengl_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -37,10 +37,18 @@ namespace omath::opengl_engine
                * mat_rotation_axis_x<float, MatStoreType::COLUMN_MAJOR>(angles.pitch);
     }
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
         const float fov_half_tan = std::tan(angles::degrees_to_radians(field_of_view) / 2.f);
 
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return {
+                    {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
+                    {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},
+                    {0, 0, -far / (far - near), -(near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0, 0, -1, 0},
+            };
+
         return {
                 {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
                 {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},

source/engines/opengl_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ namespace omath::opengl_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::opengl_engine

source/engines/source_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -36,13 +36,21 @@ namespace omath::source_engine
     }
 
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
         // NOTE: Need magic number to fix fov calculation, since source inherit Quake proj matrix calculation
         constexpr auto k_multiply_factor = 0.75f;
 
         const float fov_half_tan = std::tan(angles::degrees_to_radians(field_of_view) / 2.f) * k_multiply_factor;
 
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return {
+                    {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
+                    {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},
+                    {0, 0, far / (far - near), -(near * far) / (far - near)},
+                    {0, 0, 1, 0},
+            };
+
         return {
                 {1.f / (aspect_ratio * fov_half_tan), 0, 0, 0},
                 {0, 1.f / (fov_half_tan), 0, 0},

source/engines/source_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ namespace omath::source_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::source_engine

source/engines/unity_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,12 @@ namespace omath::unity_engine
                * mat_rotation_axis_x<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>(angles.pitch);
     }
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return omath::mat_perspective_right_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+                    field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
+
         return omath::mat_perspective_right_handed(field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/unity_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ namespace omath::unity_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unity_engine

source/engines/unreal_engine/formulas.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,12 @@ namespace omath::unreal_engine
                * mat_rotation_axis_y<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR>(angles.pitch);
     }
     Mat4X4 calc_perspective_projection_matrix(const float field_of_view, const float aspect_ratio, const float near,
-                                              const float far) noexcept
+                                              const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
+        if (ndc_depth_range == NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE)
+            return mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+                    field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
+
         return mat_perspective_left_handed(field_of_view, aspect_ratio, near, far);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unreal_engine

source/engines/unreal_engine/traits/camera_trait.cpp

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ namespace omath::unreal_engine
     }
     Mat4X4 CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(const projection::FieldOfView& fov,
                                                const projection::ViewPort& view_port, const float near,
-                                               const float far) noexcept
+                                               const float far, const NDCDepthRange ndc_depth_range) noexcept
     {
-        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far);
+        return calc_perspective_projection_matrix(fov.as_degrees(), view_port.aspect_ratio(), near, far,
+                                                  ndc_depth_range);
     }
 } // namespace omath::unreal_engine

source/lua/lua_engines.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 //
 #ifdef OMATH_ENABLE_LUA
 #include "omath/lua/lua.hpp"
+#include "omath/omath.hpp"
+#include "omath/projection/error_codes.hpp"
 #include <omath/engines/cry_engine/camera.hpp>
 #include <omath/engines/frostbite_engine/camera.hpp>
 #include <omath/engines/iw_engine/camera.hpp>
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@ namespace
             return "world position is out of screen bounds";
         case omath::projection::Error::INV_VIEW_PROJ_MAT_DET_EQ_ZERO:
             return "inverse view-projection matrix determinant is zero";
+        case omath::projection::Error::PERSPECTIVE_DIVIDER_LESS_EQ_ZERO:
+            return "perspective divider is less or equal to zero";
         }
         return "unknown error";
     }

tests/engines/unit_test_cry_engine.cpp

@@ -237,4 +237,54 @@ TEST(unit_test_cry_engine, loook_at_random_z_axis)
             failed_points++;
     }
     EXPECT_LE(failed_points, 100);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_cry_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::cry_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_cry_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::cry_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::cry_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_cry_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    // Pitch is clamped to [-90, 90]
+    const omath::cry_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::cry_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 90.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_cry_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    // Yaw is normalized to [-180, 180], 270 wraps to -90
+    const omath::cry_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::cry_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::cry_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
 }

tests/engines/unit_test_frostbite_engine.cpp

@@ -405,3 +405,51 @@ TEST(unit_test_frostbite_engine, look_at_down)
          std::views::zip(dir_vector.as_array(), (-omath::frostbite_engine::k_abs_up).as_array()))
         EXPECT_NEAR(result, etalon, 0.0001f);
 }
+
+TEST(unit_test_frostbite_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::frostbite_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_frostbite_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::frostbite_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::frostbite_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_frostbite_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    const omath::frostbite_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::frostbite_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 90.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_frostbite_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    const omath::frostbite_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::frostbite_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::frostbite_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
+}

tests/engines/unit_test_iw_engine.cpp

@@ -280,4 +280,54 @@ TEST(unit_test_iw_engine, look_at_down)
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.z, -0.99984f, 0.0001f);
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.x,- 0.017f, 0.01f);
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.y, 0.f, 0.001f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_iw_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::iw_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_iw_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::iw_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::iw_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_iw_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    // Pitch is clamped to [-89, 89]
+    const omath::iw_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::iw_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 89.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_iw_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    // Yaw is normalized to [-180, 180], 270 wraps to -90
+    const omath::iw_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::iw_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::iw_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
 }

tests/engines/unit_test_open_gl.cpp

@@ -394,4 +394,52 @@ TEST(unit_test_opengl_engine, look_at_down)
     const auto dir_vector = omath::opengl_engine::forward_vector(angles);
     for (const auto& [result, etalon] : std::views::zip(dir_vector.as_array(), (-omath::opengl_engine::k_abs_up).as_array()))
         EXPECT_NEAR(result, etalon, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_opengl, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::opengl_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_opengl, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::opengl_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::opengl_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_opengl, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    const omath::opengl_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::opengl_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 90.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_opengl, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    const omath::opengl_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::opengl_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::opengl_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
 }

tests/engines/unit_test_source_engine.cpp

@@ -422,4 +422,54 @@ TEST(unit_test_source_engine, look_at_down)
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.z, -0.99984f, 0.0001f);
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.x,- 0.017f, 0.01f);
     EXPECT_NEAR(dir_vector.y, 0.f, 0.001f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_source_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::source_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_source_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::source_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::source_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::source_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::source_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_source_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    // Pitch is clamped to [-89, 89]
+    const omath::source_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::source_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::source_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::source_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 89.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_source_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    // Yaw is normalized to [-180, 180], 270 wraps to -90
+    const omath::source_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::source_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::source_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::source_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
 }

tests/engines/unit_test_traits_engines.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
 #include <omath/engines/unreal_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp>
 
 #include <omath/engines/source_engine/traits/pred_engine_trait.hpp>
+#include <omath/engines/source_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp>
+
+#include <omath/engines/cry_engine/traits/camera_trait.hpp>
 
 #include <omath/projectile_prediction/projectile.hpp>
 #include <omath/projectile_prediction/target.hpp>
@@ -218,9 +221,14 @@ TEST(TraitTests, Frostbite_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
     // CameraTrait look at should be callable
     const auto angles = e::CameraTrait::calc_look_at_angle({0, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 1});
     (void)angles;
-    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
     const auto expected = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
     expect_matrix_near(proj, expected);
+
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+    EXPECT_NE(proj, proj_zo);
 }
 
 TEST(TraitTests, IW_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
@@ -264,10 +272,15 @@ TEST(TraitTests, IW_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
     e::ViewAngles va;
     expect_matrix_near(e::MeshTrait::rotation_matrix(va), e::rotation_matrix(va));
 
-    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(45.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(45.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
     const auto expected = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(45.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
     expect_matrix_near(proj, expected);
 
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(45.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(45.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+    EXPECT_NE(proj, proj_zo);
+
     // non-airborne
     t.m_is_airborne = false;
     const auto pred_ground_iw = e::PredEngineTrait::predict_target_position(t, 2.f, 9.81f);
@@ -314,10 +327,15 @@ TEST(TraitTests, OpenGL_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
     e::ViewAngles va;
     expect_matrix_near(e::MeshTrait::rotation_matrix(va), e::rotation_matrix(va));
 
-    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
     const auto expected = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
     expect_matrix_near(proj, expected);
 
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+    EXPECT_NE(proj, proj_zo);
+
     // non-airborne
     t.m_is_airborne = false;
     const auto pred_ground_gl = e::PredEngineTrait::predict_target_position(t, 2.f, 9.81f);
@@ -364,10 +382,15 @@ TEST(TraitTests, Unity_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
     e::ViewAngles va;
     expect_matrix_near(e::MeshTrait::rotation_matrix(va), e::rotation_matrix(va));
 
-    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
     const auto expected = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
     expect_matrix_near(proj, expected);
 
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+    EXPECT_NE(proj, proj_zo);
+
     // non-airborne
     t.m_is_airborne = false;
     const auto pred_ground_unity = e::PredEngineTrait::predict_target_position(t, 2.f, 9.81f);
@@ -414,12 +437,237 @@ TEST(TraitTests, Unreal_Pred_And_Mesh_And_Camera)
     e::ViewAngles va;
     expect_matrix_near(e::MeshTrait::rotation_matrix(va), e::rotation_matrix(va));
 
-    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
     const auto expected = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
     expect_matrix_near(proj, expected);
 
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f), {1280.f, 720.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(60.f, 1280.f / 720.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+    EXPECT_NE(proj, proj_zo);
+
     // non-airborne
     t.m_is_airborne = false;
     const auto pred_ground_unreal = e::PredEngineTrait::predict_target_position(t, 2.f, 9.81f);
     EXPECT_NEAR(pred_ground_unreal.x, 4.f, 1e-6f);
 }
+
+// ── NDC Depth Range tests for Source and CryEngine camera traits ────────────
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Source_BothDepthRanges)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::source_engine;
+
+    const auto proj_no = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(
+            projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(90.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f,
+            NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_no = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(
+            90.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_no, expected_no);
+
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(
+            projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(90.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f,
+            NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(
+            90.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+
+    EXPECT_NE(proj_no, proj_zo);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, CryEngine_BothDepthRanges)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::cry_engine;
+
+    const auto proj_no = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(
+            projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(90.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f,
+            NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_no = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(
+            90.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_no, expected_no);
+
+    const auto proj_zo = e::CameraTrait::calc_projection_matrix(
+            projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(90.f), {1920.f, 1080.f}, 0.1f, 1000.f,
+            NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    const auto expected_zo = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(
+            90.f, 1920.f / 1080.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+    expect_matrix_near(proj_zo, expected_zo);
+
+    EXPECT_NE(proj_no, proj_zo);
+}
+
+// ── Verify Z mapping for ZERO_TO_ONE across all engines ─────────────────────
+
+// Helper: projects a point at given z through a left-handed projection matrix and returns NDC z
+static float project_z_lh(const Mat<4, 4>& proj, float z)
+{
+    auto clip = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, z});
+    return clip.at(2, 0) / clip.at(3, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Source_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::source_engine;
+    // Source is left-handed
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, IW_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::iw_engine;
+    // IW is left-handed
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, OpenGL_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::opengl_engine;
+    // OpenGL is right-handed (negative z forward), column-major
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    // OpenGL engine uses column-major matrices, project manually
+    auto proj_z = [&](float z) {
+        auto clip = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float, MatStoreType::COLUMN_MAJOR>({0, 0, z});
+        return clip.at(2, 0) / clip.at(3, 0);
+    };
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(proj_z(-500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(proj_z(-500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Frostbite_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::frostbite_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Unity_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::unity_engine;
+    // Unity is right-handed, row-major
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    auto proj_z = [&](float z) {
+        auto clip = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, z});
+        return clip.at(2, 0) / clip.at(3, 0);
+    };
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(proj_z(-500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(proj_z(-500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Unreal_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::unreal_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, CryEngine_ZeroToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::cry_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+    EXPECT_GT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(project_z_lh(proj, 500.f), 1.0f);
+}
+
+// ── Verify Z mapping for NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE across all engines ─────────────
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Source_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::source_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, IW_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::iw_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Frostbite_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::frostbite_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Unreal_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::unreal_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, CryEngine_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::cry_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(project_z_lh(proj, 1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, OpenGL_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::opengl_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    auto proj_z = [&](float z) {
+        auto clip = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float, MatStoreType::COLUMN_MAJOR>({0, 0, z});
+        return clip.at(2, 0) / clip.at(3, 0);
+    };
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(NDCDepthRangeTests, Unity_NegativeOneToOne_ZRange)
+{
+    namespace e = omath::unity_engine;
+    const auto proj = e::calc_perspective_projection_matrix(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f, NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+
+    auto proj_z = [&](float z) {
+        auto clip = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, z});
+        return clip.at(2, 0) / clip.at(3, 0);
+    };
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-0.1f), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(proj_z(-1000.f), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}

tests/engines/unit_test_unity_engine.cpp

@@ -417,3 +417,51 @@ TEST(unit_test_unity_engine, look_at_down)
          std::views::zip(dir_vector.as_array(), (-omath::unity_engine::k_abs_up).as_array()))
         EXPECT_NEAR(result, etalon, 0.0001f);
 }
+
+TEST(unit_test_unity_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::unity_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unity_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::unity_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unity_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unity_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    const omath::unity_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unity_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 90.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unity_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    const omath::unity_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unity_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::unity_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
+}

tests/engines/unit_test_unreal_engine.cpp

@@ -417,4 +417,52 @@ TEST(unit_test_unreal_engine, look_at_down)
     const auto dir_vector = omath::unreal_engine::forward_vector(angles);
     for (const auto& [result, etalon] : std::views::zip(dir_vector.as_array(), (-omath::unreal_engine::k_abs_up).as_array()))
         EXPECT_NEAR(result, etalon, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unreal_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Zero)
+{
+    const omath::unreal_engine::ViewAngles angles{};
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, 0.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unreal_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3Values)
+{
+    const omath::unreal_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unreal_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(45.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(-90.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(30.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 45.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.y, -90.f);
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.z, 30.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unreal_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3ClampedPitch)
+{
+    const omath::unreal_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unreal_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(120.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(vec.x, 90.f);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_unreal_engine, ViewAnglesAsVector3NormalizedYaw)
+{
+    const omath::unreal_engine::ViewAngles angles{
+        omath::unreal_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(270.f),
+        omath::unreal_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f)
+    };
+    const auto vec = angles.as_vector3();
+
+    EXPECT_NEAR(vec.y, -90.f, 0.01f);
 }

tests/general/unit_test_mat.cpp

@@ -240,4 +240,126 @@ TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatPerspectiveLeftHanded)
     projected /= projected.at(3, 0);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(projected.at(2, 0) > -1.0f && projected.at(2, 0) < 0.f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatPerspectiveLeftHandedZeroToOne)
+{
+    const auto proj = mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+
+    // Near plane point should map to z ~ 0
+    auto near_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 0.1f});
+    near_pt /= near_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(near_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Far plane point should map to z ~ 1
+    auto far_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 1000.f});
+    far_pt /= far_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(far_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Mid-range point should be in [0, 1]
+    auto mid_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 500.f});
+    mid_pt /= mid_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(mid_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(mid_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatPerspectiveRightHandedZeroToOne)
+{
+    const auto proj = mat_perspective_right_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+
+    // Near plane point (negative z for right-handed) should map to z ~ 0
+    auto near_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, -0.1f});
+    near_pt /= near_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(near_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Far plane point should map to z ~ 1
+    auto far_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, -1000.f});
+    far_pt /= far_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(far_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Mid-range point should be in [0, 1]
+    auto mid_pt = proj * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, -500.f});
+    mid_pt /= mid_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(mid_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f);
+    EXPECT_LT(mid_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatPerspectiveNegativeOneToOneRange)
+{
+    // Verify existing [-1, 1] behavior with explicit template arg matches default
+    const auto proj_default = mat_perspective_left_handed(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj_explicit = mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+            NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>(90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proj_default, proj_explicit);
+
+    // Near plane should map to z ~ -1
+    auto near_pt = proj_default * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 0.1f});
+    near_pt /= near_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(near_pt.at(2, 0), -1.0f, 1e-3f);
+
+    // Far plane should map to z ~ 1
+    auto far_pt = proj_default * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 1000.f});
+    far_pt /= far_pt.at(3, 0);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(far_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f, 1e-3f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatPerspectiveZeroToOneEquanity)
+{
+    // LH and RH should produce same NDC for mirrored z
+    constexpr omath::Vector3<float> left_handed = {0, 2, 10};
+    constexpr omath::Vector3<float> right_handed = {0, 2, -10};
+
+    const auto proj_lh = mat_perspective_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+    const auto proj_rh = mat_perspective_right_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            90.f, 16.f / 9.f, 0.1f, 1000.f);
+
+    auto ndc_lh = proj_lh * mat_column_from_vector(left_handed);
+    auto ndc_rh = proj_rh * mat_column_from_vector(right_handed);
+
+    ndc_lh /= ndc_lh.at(3, 0);
+    ndc_rh /= ndc_rh.at(3, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ndc_lh, ndc_rh);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatOrthoLeftHandedZeroToOne)
+{
+    const auto ortho = mat_ortho_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 0.1f, 100.f);
+
+    // Near plane should map to z ~ 0
+    auto near_pt = ortho * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 0.1f});
+    EXPECT_NEAR(near_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Far plane should map to z ~ 1
+    auto far_pt = ortho * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, 100.f});
+    EXPECT_NEAR(far_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatOrthoRightHandedZeroToOne)
+{
+    const auto ortho = mat_ortho_right_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR, NDCDepthRange::ZERO_TO_ONE>(
+            -1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 0.1f, 100.f);
+
+    // Near plane (negative z for RH) should map to z ~ 0
+    auto near_pt = ortho * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, -0.1f});
+    EXPECT_NEAR(near_pt.at(2, 0), 0.0f, 1e-4f);
+
+    // Far plane should map to z ~ 1
+    auto far_pt = ortho * mat_column_from_vector<float>({0, 0, -100.f});
+    EXPECT_NEAR(far_pt.at(2, 0), 1.0f, 1e-4f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestMatStandalone, MatOrthoNegativeOneToOneDefault)
+{
+    // Verify explicit [-1, 1] matches default
+    const auto ortho_default = mat_ortho_left_handed(-1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 0.1f, 100.f);
+    const auto ortho_explicit = mat_ortho_left_handed<float, MatStoreType::ROW_MAJOR,
+            NDCDepthRange::NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE>(-1.f, 1.f, -1.f, 1.f, 0.1f, 100.f);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ortho_default, ortho_explicit);
 }

tests/general/unit_test_projection.cpp

@@ -50,6 +50,126 @@ TEST(UnitTestProjection, ScreenToNdcBottomLeft)
     EXPECT_NEAR(ndc_bottom_left.y, 0.519615293f, 0.0001f);
 }
 
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenInBounds)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    const auto projected = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped({1000.f, 0, 50.f});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(projected.has_value());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(projected->x, 960.f, 0.001f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(projected->y, 504.f, 0.001f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenMatchesWorldToScreenWhenInBounds)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    const auto w2s = cam.world_to_screen({1000.f, 0, 50.f});
+    const auto no_clip = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped({1000.f, 0, 50.f});
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(w2s.has_value());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(no_clip.has_value());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(w2s->x, no_clip->x, 0.001f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(w2s->y, no_clip->y, 0.001f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(w2s->z, no_clip->z, 0.001f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenRejectsBehindCamera)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    const auto projected = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped({-1000.f, 0, 0});
+    EXPECT_FALSE(projected.has_value());
+    EXPECT_EQ(projected.error(), omath::projection::Error::PERSPECTIVE_DIVIDER_LESS_EQ_ZERO);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenAllowsOutOfBoundsNdc)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    // Point far to the side exceeds NDC [-1,1] bounds but unclipped returns it anyway
+    const auto projected = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped({100.f, 5000.f, 0});
+    EXPECT_TRUE(projected.has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, WorldToScreenRejectsOutOfBoundsNdc)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    // Same point that unclipped allows — clipped world_to_screen rejects it
+    const auto projected = cam.world_to_screen({100.f, 5000.f, 0});
+    EXPECT_FALSE(projected.has_value());
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenBottomLeftCorner)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+    using ScreenStart = omath::source_engine::Camera::ScreenStart;
+
+    const auto top_left = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped<ScreenStart::TOP_LEFT_CORNER>({1000.f, 0, 50.f});
+    const auto bottom_left = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped<ScreenStart::BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER>({1000.f, 0, 50.f});
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(top_left.has_value());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bottom_left.has_value());
+    // X should be identical, Y should differ (mirrored around center)
+    EXPECT_NEAR(top_left->x, bottom_left->x, 0.001f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(top_left->y + bottom_left->y, 1080.f, 0.001f);
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenRoundTrip)
+{
+    std::mt19937 gen(42);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution dist_fwd(100.f, 900.f);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution dist_side(-400.f, 400.f);
+    std::uniform_real_distribution dist_up(-200.f, 200.f);
+
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::source_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, omath::source_engine::ViewAngles{}, {1920.f, 1080.f}, fov,
+                                                  0.01f, 1000.f);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+    {
+        const omath::Vector3<float> world_pos{dist_fwd(gen), dist_side(gen), dist_up(gen)};
+        const auto screen = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped(world_pos);
+        if (!screen.has_value())
+            continue;
+
+        const auto back_to_world = cam.screen_to_world(screen.value());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(back_to_world.has_value());
+
+        const auto back_to_screen = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped(back_to_world.value());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(back_to_screen.has_value());
+
+        EXPECT_NEAR(screen->x, back_to_screen->x, 0.01f);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(screen->y, back_to_screen->y, 0.01f);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(UnitTestProjection, UnclippedWorldToScreenUnityEngine)
+{
+    constexpr auto fov = omath::projection::FieldOfView::from_degrees(60.f);
+    const auto cam = omath::unity_engine::Camera({0, 0, 0}, {}, {1280.f, 720.f}, fov, 0.03f, 1000.f);
+    using ScreenStart = omath::unity_engine::Camera::ScreenStart;
+
+    // Point directly in front
+    const auto projected = cam.world_to_screen_unclipped<ScreenStart::BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER>({0, 0, 500.f});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(projected.has_value());
+    EXPECT_NEAR(projected->x, 640.f, 0.5f);
+    EXPECT_NEAR(projected->y, 360.f, 0.5f);
+}
+
 TEST(UnitTestProjection, ScreenToWorldTopLeftCorner)
 {
     std::mt19937 gen(std::random_device{}()); // Seed with a non-deterministic source

tests/general/unit_test_reverse_enineering.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,53 @@ inline const void* get_vtable_entry(const void* obj, const std::size_t index)
     return vtable[index];
 }
 
+class BaseA
+{
+public:
+    int m_field_a{42};
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int get_a() const { return 10; }
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int get_a2() const { return 11; }
+};
+
+class BaseB
+{
+public:
+    float m_field_b{3.14f};
+    double m_field_b2{2.71};
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int get_b() const { return 20; }
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int get_b2() const { return 21; }
+};
+
+class MultiPlayer final : public BaseA, public BaseB
+{
+public:
+    int m_own_field{999};
+    [[nodiscard]] int get_a() const override { return 100; }
+    [[nodiscard]] int get_a2() const override { return 101; }
+    [[nodiscard]] int get_b() const override { return 200; }
+    [[nodiscard]] int get_b2() const override { return 201; }
+};
+
+// BaseA layout: [vptr_a][m_field_a(int)] — sizeof(BaseA) gives the full subobject size
+// BaseB starts right after BaseA in MultiPlayer's layout
+constexpr std::ptrdiff_t BASE_B_OFFSET = static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(sizeof(BaseA));
+
+class RevMultiPlayer final : omath::rev_eng::InternalReverseEngineeredObject
+{
+public:
+    // Table at offset 0 (BaseA vtable): index 0 = get_a, 1 = get_a2
+    [[nodiscard]] int rev_get_a() const { return call_virtual_method<0, 0, int>(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] int rev_get_a2() const { return call_virtual_method<0, 1, int>(); }
+
+    // Table at BaseB offset (BaseB vtable): index 0 = get_b, 1 = get_b2
+    [[nodiscard]] int rev_get_b() const { return call_virtual_method<BASE_B_OFFSET, 0, int>(); }
+    [[nodiscard]] int rev_get_b2() const { return call_virtual_method<BASE_B_OFFSET, 1, int>(); }
+
+    // Non-const versions
+    int rev_get_a_mut() { return call_virtual_method<0, 0, int>(); }
+    int rev_get_b_mut() { return call_virtual_method<BASE_B_OFFSET, 0, int>(); }
+};
+
 class RevPlayer final : omath::rev_eng::InternalReverseEngineeredObject
 {
 public:
@@ -117,4 +164,54 @@ TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, call_virtual_method_delegates_to_call_method)
     EXPECT_EQ(1, rev->rev_foo());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, rev->rev_bar());
     EXPECT_EQ(2, rev->rev_bar_const());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, multi_player_base_b_offset_is_correct)
+{
+    // Verify our compile-time offset matches the actual layout
+    MultiPlayer mp;
+    const auto* mp_addr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&mp);
+    const auto* b_addr = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(static_cast<const BaseB*>(&mp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(b_addr - mp_addr, BASE_B_OFFSET);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, call_virtual_method_table_index_first_table)
+{
+    MultiPlayer mp;
+    const auto* rev = reinterpret_cast<const RevMultiPlayer*>(&mp);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mp.get_a(), rev->rev_get_a());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mp.get_a2(), rev->rev_get_a2());
+    EXPECT_EQ(100, rev->rev_get_a());
+    EXPECT_EQ(101, rev->rev_get_a2());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, call_virtual_method_table_index_second_table)
+{
+    constexpr MultiPlayer mp;
+    const auto* rev = reinterpret_cast<const RevMultiPlayer*>(&mp);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mp.get_b(), rev->rev_get_b());
+    EXPECT_EQ(mp.get_b2(), rev->rev_get_b2());
+    EXPECT_EQ(200, rev->rev_get_b());
+    EXPECT_EQ(201, rev->rev_get_b2());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, call_virtual_method_table_index_non_const)
+{
+    MultiPlayer mp;
+    auto* rev = reinterpret_cast<RevMultiPlayer*>(&mp);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(100, rev->rev_get_a_mut());
+    EXPECT_EQ(200, rev->rev_get_b_mut());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_reverse_enineering, call_virtual_method_table_zero_matches_default)
+{
+    // Table 0 with the TableIndex overload should match the original non-TableIndex overload
+    constexpr MultiPlayer mp;
+    const auto* rev = reinterpret_cast<const RevMultiPlayer*>(&mp);
+
+    // Both access table 0, method index 1 — should return the same value
+    EXPECT_EQ(rev->rev_get_a(), 100);
 }

tests/general/unit_test_targeting.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+//
+// Created by claude on 19.03.2026.
+//
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <omath/algorithm/targeting.hpp>
+#include <omath/engines/source_engine/camera.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace
+{
+    using Camera = omath::source_engine::Camera;
+    using ViewAngles = omath::source_engine::ViewAngles;
+    using Targets = std::vector<omath::Vector3<float>>;
+    using Iter = Targets::const_iterator;
+    using FilterSig = bool(const omath::Vector3<float>&);
+
+    constexpr auto k_fov = omath::Angle<float, 0.f, 180.f, omath::AngleFlags::Clamped>::from_degrees(90.f);
+
+    Camera make_camera(const omath::Vector3<float>& origin, float pitch_deg, float yaw_deg)
+    {
+        ViewAngles angles{
+                omath::source_engine::PitchAngle::from_degrees(pitch_deg),
+                omath::source_engine::YawAngle::from_degrees(yaw_deg),
+                omath::source_engine::RollAngle::from_degrees(0.f),
+        };
+        return Camera{origin, angles, {1920.f, 1080.f}, k_fov, 0.01f, 1000.f};
+    }
+
+    auto get_pos = [](const omath::Vector3<float>& v) -> const omath::Vector3<float>& { return v; };
+
+    Iter find_closest(const Iter begin, const Iter end, const Camera& camera)
+    {
+        return omath::algorithm::get_closest_target_by_fov<Camera, Iter, FilterSig>(
+                begin, end, camera, get_pos);
+    }
+
+    Iter find_nearest(const Iter begin, const Iter end, const omath::Vector3<float>& origin)
+    {
+        return omath::algorithm::get_closest_target_by_distance<Iter, FilterSig>(
+                begin, end, origin, get_pos);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, returns_end_for_empty_range)
+{
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+    Targets targets;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera), targets.cend());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, single_target_returns_that_target)
+{
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+    Targets targets = {{100.f, 0.f, 0.f}};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera), targets.cbegin());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, picks_closest_to_crosshair)
+{
+    // Camera looking forward along +X (yaw=0, pitch=0 in source engine)
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 50.f, 0.f},  // off to the side
+            {100.f, 1.f, 0.f},   // nearly on crosshair
+            {100.f, -30.f, 0.f}, // off to the other side
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, picks_closest_with_vertical_offset)
+{
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 0.f, 50.f}, // high above
+            {100.f, 0.f, 2.f},  // slightly above
+            {100.f, 0.f, 30.f}, // moderately above
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, respects_camera_direction)
+{
+    // Camera looking along +Y (yaw=90)
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 90.f);
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 0.f, 0.f}, // to the side relative to camera facing +Y
+            {0.f, 100.f, 0.f}, // directly in front
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, equidistant_targets_returns_first)
+{
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    // Two targets symmetric about the forward axis — same angular distance
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 10.f, 0.f},
+            {100.f, -10.f, 0.f},
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    // First target should be selected (strict < means first wins on tie)
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, camera_pitch_affects_selection)
+{
+    // Camera looking upward (pitch < 0)
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, -40.f, 0.f);
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 0.f, 0.f},   // on the horizon
+            {100.f, 0.f, 40.f}, // above, closer to where camera is looking
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, many_targets_picks_best)
+{
+    const auto camera = make_camera({0, 0, 0}, 0.f, 0.f);
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 80.f, 80.f},
+            {100.f, 60.f, 60.f},
+            {100.f, 40.f, 40.f},
+            {100.f, 20.f, 20.f},
+            {100.f, 0.5f, 0.5f}, // closest to crosshair
+            {100.f, 10.f, 10.f},
+            {100.f, 30.f, 30.f},
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_closest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), camera);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 4);
+}
+
+// ── get_closest_target_by_distance tests ────────────────────────────────────
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_returns_end_for_empty_range)
+{
+    Targets targets;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), {0, 0, 0}), targets.cend());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_single_target)
+{
+    Targets targets = {{50.f, 0.f, 0.f}};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), {0, 0, 0}), targets.cbegin());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_picks_nearest)
+{
+    const omath::Vector3<float> origin{0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 0.f, 0.f},  // distance = 100
+            {10.f, 0.f, 0.f},   // distance = 10  (closest)
+            {50.f, 0.f, 0.f},   // distance = 50
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), origin);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_considers_all_axes)
+{
+    const omath::Vector3<float> origin{0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {30.f, 30.f, 30.f}, // distance = sqrt(2700) ~ 51.96
+            {50.f, 0.f, 0.f},   // distance = 50
+            {0.f, 0.f, 10.f},   // distance = 10  (closest)
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), origin);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 2);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_from_nonzero_origin)
+{
+    const omath::Vector3<float> origin{100.f, 100.f, 100.f};
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {0.f, 0.f, 0.f},       // distance = sqrt(30000) ~ 173
+            {105.f, 100.f, 100.f},  // distance = 5  (closest)
+            {200.f, 200.f, 200.f},  // distance = sqrt(30000) ~ 173
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), origin);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_equidistant_returns_first)
+{
+    const omath::Vector3<float> origin{0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+
+    // Both targets at distance 100, symmetric
+    Targets targets = {
+            {100.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+            {-100.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), origin);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin());
+}
+
+TEST(unit_test_targeting, distance_many_targets)
+{
+    const omath::Vector3<float> origin{0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+
+    Targets targets = {
+            {500.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+            {200.f, 200.f, 0.f},
+            {100.f, 100.f, 100.f},
+            {50.f, 50.f, 50.f},
+            {1.f, 1.f, 1.f},    // distance = sqrt(3) ~ 1.73  (closest)
+            {10.f, 10.f, 10.f},
+            {80.f, 0.f, 0.f},
+    };
+
+    const auto result = find_nearest(targets.cbegin(), targets.cend(), origin);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(result, targets.cend());
+    EXPECT_EQ(result, targets.cbegin() + 4);
+}